install kvm hosts use vnc in CentOS 6
背景
本文描述在centos6中部署kvm虚拟机, 使用vnc连接到服务器, 再使用vncviewer连接到kvm vnc安装界面.
(原本打算直接连接到kvm vnc安装界面的, 没有成功, 会闪退)
安装过程
在服务器安装必要的包
# yum install -y qemu-img qemu-kvm virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python python-virtinst libvirt-client tigervnc-server libvirt libvirt-client virt-what virt-viewer
# yum groupinstall -y desktop
创建一个虚拟磁盘目录
# mkdir /data03/kvmdisk
创建虚拟磁盘, 用于虚拟机的系统盘
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o encryption=off,cluster_size=2M,preallocation=full /data03/kvmdisk/disk01.img 32G
下载安装镜像
# mkdir /data03/iso
# cd iso
# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
启动libvirtd
# service libvirtd start
# chkconfig libvirtd on
# chkconfig libvirt-guests off
查看当前启动的网桥
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
virbr0 8000.5254001263b0 yes virbr0-nic
# ifconfig
em1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:60:77:8F
inet addr:172.16.3.150 Bcast:172.16.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fe60:778f/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:5469716 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2830916 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:5147311077 (4.7 GiB) TX bytes:198552462 (189.3 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:79073 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:79073 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:24506711 (23.3 MiB) TX bytes:24506711 (23.3 MiB)
virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:12:63:B0
inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
网桥地址配置
# grep -r 192.168.122 /etc/libvirt
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml: <ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml: <range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml: <ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml: <range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
安装KVM虚拟机, 开启VNC.
# virt-install \
--name=centos6_6_x64 \
--disk path=/data03/kvmdisk/disk01.img,device=disk,bus=virtio,perms=rw,cache=writethrough \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5901,password=digoal \
--vcpus=4 --ram=4096 \
--cdrom=/data03/iso/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso \
--network bridge=virbr0 \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel6
# ps -ewf|grep kvm
root 967 2 0 15:05 ? 00:00:00 [kvm-irqfd-clean]
qemu 3582 1 7 15:15 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -name centos6_6_x64 -S -M rhel6.6.0 -enable-kvm -m 4096 -realtime mlock=off -smp 4,sockets=4,cores=1,threads=1 -uuid e55d318c-5b3c-a0c0-e694-799c618787ac -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/centos6_6_x64.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-reboot -no-shutdown -device ich9-usb-ehci1,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x7 -device ich9-usb-uhci1,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=0,bus=pci.0,multifunction=on,addr=0x4 -device ich9-usb-uhci2,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=2,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x1 -device ich9-usb-uhci3,masterbus=usb.0,firstport=4,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4.0x2 -drive file=/data03/kvmdisk/disk01.img,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0,format=raw,cache=writethrough -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=2 -drive file=/data03/iso/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso,if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0,bootindex=1 -netdev tap,fd=22,id=hostnet0,vhost=on,vhostfd=23 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:5d:70:bd,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -device usb-tablet,id=input0 -vnc 0.0.0.0:1,password -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6 -msg timestamp=on
root 3593 2 0 15:15 ? 00:00:00 [kvm-pit-wq]
root 3605 2457 0 15:16 pts/2 00:00:00 grep kvm
# netstat -anp|grep 5901
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5901 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3582/qemu-kvm
虽然监听了5901, 但是在外部主机不能连到这个VNC, 会闪退.
在服务器本地可以连接正常.
在服务端启动vncserver
# vncserver :2
# vi ~/.vnc/xstartup
#twm &
gnome-session &
# vncserver -kill :2
# vncserver :2
使用笔记本连接到服务端vnc, 然后在服务端的vnc窗口中使用vncviewer再连接本地的vnc 5901.
安装过程略.
其他, 如果要删除虚拟机, 需要删除配置, 重启libvirtd.
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 centos6_6_x64 running
# virsh destroy 1
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- centos6_6_x64 shut off
# rm -f /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos6_6_x64.xml
# service libvirtd restart
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
问题
1. 无法直接使用笔记本连接virt-install提供的vnc端口, 必须在服务端连, 目前不知原因.
2. 当你启动libvirtd 服务失败的时候。你用status查看这个服务的状态的时候，会发现他提示的是“libvirtd dead but subsys locked” 这边你可能需要将其他几个关联服务给一同启动起来
/etc/init.d/messagebus start
/etc/init.d/avahi-daemon start
/etc/init.d/libvirted start
当时想使用KVM管理工具virsh时候提示/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock 找不到文件夹。
在你安装libvirt包的情况下还出现这个问题
你可能有几个服务没有安装。用yum安装
libdaemon avahi
参考
1. https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/ch05.html#idp8381488
2. man virt-install
3. man virsh
4. man qemu-kvm
5. man qemu-img
6. https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Installation_Guide/index.html