install kvm hosts use kickstart in CentOS 6 in text mode
背景
和前面一篇文章类似, 但是本文主要讲的是用kickstart脚本或text模式安装KVM虚拟机操作系统的过程。
http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/16387704020153142253971/
本文讲述使用kickstart文件安装kvm虚拟机, 因此不需要连接图形界面.
安装过程
在服务器安装必要的包, 不再需要图形相关的包.
# yum install -y qemu-img qemu-kvm virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python python-virtinst libvirt-client libvirt libvirt-client virt-what libdaemon avahi
创建一个虚拟磁盘目录
# mkdir /data03/kvmdisk
创建虚拟磁盘, 用于虚拟机的系统盘
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o encryption=off,cluster_size=2M,preallocation=full /data03/kvmdisk/disk01.img 32G
下载安装镜像
# mkdir /data03/iso
# cd iso
# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
启动libvirtd
# service libvirtd start
# chkconfig libvirtd on
# chkconfig libvirt-guests off
查看当前启动的网桥
# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
virbr0 8000.5254001263b0 yes virbr0-nic
# ifconfig
em1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:60:77:8F
inet addr:172.16.3.150 Bcast:172.16.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fe60:778f/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:5469716 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2830916 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:5147311077 (4.7 GiB) TX bytes:198552462 (189.3 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:79073 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:79073 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:24506711 (23.3 MiB) TX bytes:24506711 (23.3 MiB)
virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:12:63:B0
inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
网桥地址配置
# grep -r 192.168.122 /etc/libvirt
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml: <ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml: <range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml: <ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml: <range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
生成密码加密字符串, 即虚拟机的root用户密码 :
# grub-crypt --sha-512
Password:
Retype password:
$6$3V1UXXvrJ1qqWgAO$KaT7KOjWwsVERUZOVE5DB97Og1YIqCQeL54BtHZPasPSYHOnDzUDSS60AJ.3wLUCwVWmIS/HhVnhvo6Y4PWjM1
选择合适的IP地址 , 例如192.168.122.199. 对应的kickstart配置项
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 192.168.122.199 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.122.1 --nameserver=202.101.172.35,202.101.172.47 --hostname digoal.sky-mobi.com --noipv6
创建kickstart配置文件
# vi /root/ ks.cfg
# install or upgrade?
install
# password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$yz7YWSt2MmouUuTu$cjz1eZf9lhMke2Ply8P5Jngrwxh5lb8zwmC124JlXdOnSvrKZaD2/IWdVgahFfNIykbYCBnzCqbbVwjZH59YA.
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
firewall --service=ssh
text
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US.UTF-8
selinux --disabled
timezone Aisa/Shanghai
# 配置网络
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 192.168.122.199 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.122.1 --nameserver=202.101.172.35,202.101.172.47 --hostname digoal.sky-mobi.com --noipv6
# 指定引导分区
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=vda
# 清除硬盘分区
clearpart --drives=vda --all --initlabel
part / --fstype="ext4" --asprimary --size=29000
part swap --size=2048
reboot
%packages
@base
开始安装, 使用text console.
# virt-install \
--name=centos6_6_x64 \
--disk path=/data03/kvmdisk/disk01.img,device=disk,bus=virtio,perms=rw,cache=writethrough \
--graphics none \
--vcpus=4 --ram=4096 \
--location=/data03/iso/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso \
--network bridge=virbr0 \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel6 \
--initrd-inject=/root/ks.cfg \
--extra-args="ks=file:/ks.cfg console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
等待安装完, 这个虚拟机会自动关闭, 需要人工启动这个虚拟机
# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- centos6_6_x64 shut off
# virsh start centos6_6_x64
开机自动启动配置 :
# vi /etc/rc.local
/usr/bin/virsh start centos6_6_x64
text 交互式安装
1. 如果不想使用kickstart, 同时又要使用text安装的话, 只需要略微变动virt-install的参数, 如下 :
这样就完美了, 在没有图形环境时, 可以放心使用了.
virt-install \
--name=centos6_6_x64 \
--disk path=/data03/kvmdisk/disk01.img,device=disk,bus=virtio,perms=rw,cache=writethrough \
--graphics none \
--vcpus=4 --ram=4096 \
--location=/data03/iso/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso \
--network bridge=virbr0 \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel6 \
--extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
连接console的方法 :
# virsh
> console $domainID
> 退出console 按下 ctrl+]
例如 :
[root@db-172-16-3-150 ~]# virsh
Welcome to virsh, the virtualization interactive terminal.
Type: 'help' for help with commands
'quit' to quit
virsh # list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 centos6_6_x64 running
virsh # console 1
error: failed to get domain '1'
error: Domain not found: no domain with matching name '1'
virsh # console 2
Connected to domain centos6_6_x64
Escape character is ^]
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 on an x86_64
digoal.sky-mobi.com login: root
Password:
Last login: Thu Apr 2 00:12:27 on ttyS0
[root@digoal ~]#
[root@digoal ~]#
[root@digoal ~]# exit
logout
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 on an x86_64
digoal.sky-mobi.com login: 这里按下ctrl+]返回本地控制台
virsh #
virsh #
问题
1. 当你启动libvirtd 服务失败的时候。你用status查看这个服务的状态的时候，会发现他提示的是“libvirtd dead but subsys locked” 这边你可能需要将其他几个关联服务给一同启动起来
/etc/init.d/messagebus start
/etc/init.d/avahi-daemon start
/etc/init.d/libvirtd start
当时想使用KVM管理工具virsh时候提示/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock 找不到文件夹。
在你安装libvirt包的情况下还出现这个问题
你可能有几个服务没有安装。用yum安装
libdaemon avahi
参考
1. https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/ch05.html#idp8381488
2. man virt-install
3. man virsh
4. man qemu-kvm
5. man qemu-img
6. https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Installation_Guide/index.html