PostgreSQL prepared statement和simple query的profile及性能差异

3 minute read

背景

prepared statement是非常重要的高并发SQL优化手段之一,效果也显而易见。

下面是测试,同时观察绑定和不绑定的情况下的profile。

在未使用绑定变量的时候,新增或上升了一些硬解析相关的CODE。

测试数据

postgres=# create table test(id int primary key, info text);  
  
postgres=# insert into test select generate_series(1,1000000),'test';  
  
postgres=# create or replace function f1(int) returns setof text as $$  
  select info from test where id=$1;  
$$ language sql;  

测试用例

vi test.sql  
\setrandom id 1 1000000  
select f1(:id);  

使用绑定变量

pgbench -M prepared -n -r -P 5 -f ./test.sql -c 64 -j 64 -T 100  
  
progress: 10.0 s, 526016.9 tps, lat 0.120 ms stddev 0.033  
progress: 15.0 s, 523072.8 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.027  
progress: 20.0 s, 523305.2 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.017  
progress: 25.0 s, 523320.9 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.015  
progress: 30.0 s, 523290.4 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.016  
progress: 35.0 s, 523216.3 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.015  
progress: 40.0 s, 523046.3 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.022  
progress: 45.0 s, 523200.9 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.015  
progress: 50.0 s, 523853.5 tps, lat 0.121 ms stddev 0.016  
progress: 55.0 s, 526587.1 tps, lat 0.120 ms stddev 0.005  
progress: 60.0 s, 526710.0 tps, lat 0.120 ms stddev 0.008  

TOP 调用

perf top  
  
   PerfTop:   62851 irqs/sec  kernel:12.9%  exact:  0.0% [1000Hz cycles],  (all, 64 CPUs)  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
  samples  pcnt function                      DSO  
  _______ _____ _____________________________ ____________________________________  
 39828.00  4.3% AllocSetAlloc                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 33282.00  3.6% SearchCatCache                /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 23098.00  2.5% base_yyparse                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 21318.00  2.3% GetSnapshotData               /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 13218.00  1.4% hash_search_with_hash_value   /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 11399.00  1.2% _int_malloc                   /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
 11362.00  1.2% LWLockAcquire                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 11151.00  1.2% palloc                        /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  9536.00  1.0% __GI_vfprintf                 /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  9160.00  1.0% __strcmp_sse42                /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  8997.00  1.0% schedule                      [kernel.kallsyms]                           
  8921.00  1.0% __strlen_sse42                /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  8799.00  0.9% nocachegetattr                /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  8431.00  0.9% MemoryContextAllocZeroAligned /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  8314.00  0.9% expression_tree_walker        /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  7968.00  0.9% core_yylex                    /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  7193.00  0.8% _bt_compare                   /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  6402.00  0.7% _int_free                     /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  6185.00  0.7% memcpy                        /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  5988.00  0.6% fmgr_info_cxt_security        /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  5749.00  0.6% __GI___libc_malloc            /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  5697.00  0.6% PostgresMain                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  5444.00  0.6% fmgr_sql                      /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  5372.00  0.6% LWLockRelease                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4917.00  0.5% grouping_planner              /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4902.00  0.5% ExecInitExpr                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4626.00  0.5% pfree                         /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4607.00  0.5% doCustom                      /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/pgbench       
  4537.00  0.5% DirectFunctionCall1Coll       /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4521.00  0.5% fget_light                    [kernel.kallsyms]                           
  4329.00  0.5% pqParseInput3                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/lib/libpq.so.5.8  
  4164.00  0.4% AllocSetFree                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4013.00  0.4% hash_any                      /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3998.00  0.4% new_list                      /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3994.00  0.4% do_select                     [kernel.kallsyms]                           
  3653.00  0.4% LockReleaseAll                /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3618.00  0.4% hash_search                   /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3505.00  0.4% palloc0                       /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3457.00  0.4% ScanKeywordLookup             /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3390.00  0.4% FunctionCall2Coll             /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3296.00  0.4% LockAcquireExtended           /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3275.00  0.4% __memset_sse2                 /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  3201.00  0.3% __cfree                       /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  3125.00  0.3% lappend                       /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3004.00  0.3% exec_bind_message             /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  2995.00  0.3% __strcpy_ssse3                /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  2992.00  0.3% device_not_available          [kernel.kallsyms]                     

不使用绑定变量

性能明显下降

pgbench -M simple -n -r -P 5 -f ./test.sql -c 64 -j 64 -T 100  
  
progress: 10.0 s, 480056.6 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.028  
progress: 15.0 s, 480355.0 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.019  
progress: 20.0 s, 480321.8 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.020  
progress: 25.0 s, 480246.2 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.019  
progress: 30.0 s, 480274.6 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.020  
progress: 35.0 s, 480286.1 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.018  
progress: 40.0 s, 480229.3 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.020  
progress: 45.0 s, 480095.6 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.021  
progress: 50.0 s, 480098.9 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.020  
progress: 55.0 s, 480066.5 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.025  
progress: 60.0 s, 480148.3 tps, lat 0.132 ms stddev 0.021  

TOP 调用

perf top  
   PerfTop:   65503 irqs/sec  kernel:12.3%  exact:  0.0% [1000Hz cycles],  (all, 64 CPUs)  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
  samples  pcnt function                       DSO  
  _______ _____ ______________________________ ____________________________________  
 45824.00  4.6% AllocSetAlloc                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 38982.00  3.9% base_yyparse                   /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 35333.00  3.6% SearchCatCache                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 23770.00  2.4% GetSnapshotData                /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 12440.00  1.3% palloc                         /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 12092.00  1.2% hash_search_with_hash_value    /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 12092.00  1.2% _int_malloc                    /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
 11911.00  1.2% core_yylex                     /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    上升  
 11286.00  1.1% LWLockAcquire                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
 10893.00  1.1% __strcmp_sse42                 /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
 10759.00  1.1% MemoryContextAllocZeroAligned  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    上升  
  9946.00  1.0% expression_tree_walker         /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    上升  
  9175.00  0.9% schedule                       [kernel.kallsyms]                           
  9049.00  0.9% nocachegetattr                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  8859.00  0.9% __strlen_sse42                 /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  8020.00  0.8% __GI_vfprintf                  /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  7396.00  0.7% _int_free                      /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  6847.00  0.7% __GI___libc_malloc             /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  6842.00  0.7% _bt_compare                    /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  6468.00  0.7% grouping_planner               /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  5468.00  0.6% fmgr_sql                       /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  5403.00  0.5% memcpy                         /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  5328.00  0.5% LWLockRelease                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  5277.00  0.5% fmgr_info_cxt_security         /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  5024.00  0.5% ExecInitExpr                   /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4819.00  0.5% DirectFunctionCall1Coll        /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4620.00  0.5% new_list                       /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4582.00  0.5% fget_light                     [kernel.kallsyms]                           
  4563.00  0.5% ScanKeywordLookup              /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4501.00  0.5% doCustom                       /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/pgbench       
  4453.00  0.4% AllocSetFree                   /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4354.00  0.4% pfree                          /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  4096.00  0.4% pqParseInput3                  /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/lib/libpq.so.5.8  
  4050.00  0.4% do_select                      [kernel.kallsyms]                           
  4000.00  0.4% lappend                        /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3892.00  0.4% hash_any                       /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3863.00  0.4% __memset_sse2                  /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  3798.00  0.4% expression_tree_mutator        /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    下降  
  3777.00  0.4% palloc0                        /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3773.00  0.4% check_stack_depth              /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    新增  
  3643.00  0.4% heap_getsysattr                /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    新增  
  3487.00  0.4% SearchSysCache                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    新增  
  3485.00  0.4% LockReleaseAll                 /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3460.00  0.3% eval_const_expressions_mutator /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres    新增  
  3444.00  0.3% FunctionCall2Coll              /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres      
  3419.00  0.3% __strcpy_ssse3                 /lib64/libc-2.12.so                         
  3201.00  0.3% LockAcquireExtended            /home/digoal/pgsql9.5.2/bin/postgres  

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